Epidemiology

EPIDEMIOLOGY is the study of the distribution and determinants of wellness related states and events in familiarity , and the application of this study to control wellness problems ADDIN EN .CITE Park199521Park K .1995Park apos s textbook of preventive and social medicinePark K .JabalpurM /s Banarsidas Bhanot14514th (Park , 1995 focuses on respectment of mortality respect and morbidity in humans community . So epidemiology begins with the definition of what is to be strided and boldness of criteria or standards by which it can be mensurable . uses umteen indicators to m the health perspective of a community . They table expediency to comp ar the health status of one country with that of some other , to assess the health care needs , to allocate faithful resources and to monitor and evaluate health services , ac tivities and programs . Indicators help to card the limit to which the objectives and targets of a program are being make headway . World Health Organization (WHO ) defines indicators as variables which help to account changes in health program evaluationIndicators , being whole tones with scientific respectability , are expected to dedicate certain characteristics . Be it deliberate sequentially over time or measured at a certain point in time , twain directly or indirectly should be valid , absolute , sensitive and circumstantial . Validity means that the indicators should certainly measure what they are supposed to measure . Reliability implies that the answers are aforesaid(prenominal) if measured by different people in standardised slew . An indicator should be sensitive to hypothecate the changes to the actual extent in the situation concerned , and it should be specific to reflect changes only in the situation concerned . just now a true health indicator w scour not comply with all these criteria! since health cannot be outlined in exact measurable terms . Therefore measurements of health have been framed in terms of illness , remnant (mortality , and the consequences of ill health (morbidity , disability , quality of life and scotch , occupational and domestic factors that promote ill health .

Since health is multidimensional health should be measured multidimensionally Correspondingly , health moldiness be measured by employing many of the side by side(p) indicatorsMORTALITY MEASURESMortality indicators are the traditional measures of health status They continue to be use as the starting point in health status evaluation . The following are a some of the mortality measuresCrude death rate : Crude death rate is defined as the fare of deaths per one k populations per grade in a given community . It is calculated by dividing the chassis of deaths during the year by mid-year population and multiplied by thousand . It shows the rate at which people are anxious(p) . The usefulness of new death rate is restricted because it is influenced by the age-sex firearm of the population and because health cannot be measured by the amount of deaths alone . But a decrease in crude death rates provides a good instrumental role for assessing the boilers suit health improvement in a population spirit expectancy : Life expectancy is the average number of years that will be lived by those born active into a population if the trustworthy age specific mortality rate...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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